Back Еквадор AB Èkuador ACE Экуадор ADY Ecuador AF Ecuador ALS ኤኳዶር AM Ecuador AMI Ecuador AN Ecuador ANG इक्वेडोर ANP

Ecuador


This article is about the country in South America. For other uses, see Ecuador (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Equator.

2°00′S 77°30′W / 2.000°S 77.500°W / -2.000; -77.500

Republic of Ecuador
República del Ecuador  (Spanish)
Motto: 
  • Dios, patria y libertad (Spanish)
  • Pro Deo, Patria et Libertate (Latin)
  • "God, homeland and freedom"
Anthem: Salve, Oh Patria (Spanish)
(English: "Hail, Oh Homeland")
Location of Ecuador (dark green)
Location of Ecuador (dark green)
Capital
and largest city
Quito[1]
00°13′12″S 78°30′43″W / 0.22000°S 78.51194°W / -0.22000; -78.51194
Official languagesSpanish[2]
Recognized regional languagesKichwa (Quechua), Shuar and others "are in official use for indigenous peoples"[3]
Ethnic groups
(2010[4])
Religion
(2020)[5]
Demonym(s)Ecuadorian
GovernmentUnitary presidential republic
• President
Guillermo Lasso
Alfredo Borrero
LegislatureNational Assembly
Independence
• Declared
10 August 1809
• from Spain
24 May 1822
• from Gran Colombia
13 May 1830
• Recognized by Spain
16 February 1840[6]
5 June 1895
28 September 2008
Area
• Total
283,561 km2 (109,484 sq mi)[7] (73rd)
• Water (%)
5
Population
• 2022 estimate
17,289,554[8] (71st)
• 2022 census
18,048,628[9]
• Density
69/km2 (178.7/sq mi) (148th)
GDP (PPP)2022 estimate
• Total
Increase$229.815 billion[10] (68th)
• Per capita
Increase $12,763 [10] (109th)
GDP (nominal)2022 estimate
• Total
Increase $115.479 billion [10] (63rd)
• Per capita
Increase$6,413[10] (95th)
Gini (2020)Negative increase 47.3[11]
high
HDI (2021)Decrease 0.740[12]
high · 95th
CurrencyUnited States dollarb (USD)
Time zoneUTC−5 / −6 (ECT / GALT)
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
Driving sideright
Calling code+593
ISO 3166 codeEC
Internet TLD.ec
  1. Including Galápagos Islands.
  2. Sucre until 2000, replaced by the US$ and Ecuadorian centavo coins.

Ecuador (/ˈɛkwədɔːr/ (listen) EK-wə-dor; Spanish pronunciation: [ekwaˈðoɾ] (listen); Quechua: Ikwayur; Shuar: Ecuador or Ekuatur),[13][14] officially the Republic of Ecuador (Spanish: República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: Ikwadur Ripuwlika; Shuar: Ekuatur Nunka),[15][16] is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometers (621 mi) west of the mainland. The country's capital and largest city is Quito.

The territories of modern-day Ecuador were once home to a variety of Indigenous groups that were gradually incorporated into the Inca Empire during the 15th century. The territory was colonized by Spain during the 16th century, achieving independence in 1820 as part of Gran Colombia, from which it emerged as its own sovereign state in 1830. The legacy of both empires is reflected in Ecuador's ethnically diverse population, with most of its 17.8 million people being mestizos, followed by large minorities of Europeans, Native American, African, and Asian descendants. Spanish is the official language and is spoken by a majority of the population, though 13 Native languages are also recognized, including Quechua and Shuar.

The sovereign state of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic and a developing country[17] whose economy is highly dependent on exports of commodities, namely petroleum and agricultural products. It is governed as a democratic presidential republic. The country is a founding member of the United Nations, Organization of American States, Mercosur, PROSUR, and the Non-Aligned Movement.

One of 17 megadiverse countries in the world,[18][19] Ecuador hosts many endemic plants and animals, such as those of the Galápagos Islands. In recognition of its unique ecological heritage, the new constitution of 2008 is the first in the world to recognize legally enforceable Rights of Nature, or ecosystem rights.[20]

According to the Center for Economic and Policy Research, between 2006 and 2016, poverty decreased from 36.7% to 22.5% and annual per capita GDP growth was 1.5 percent (as compared to 0.6 percent over the prior two decades). At the same time, the country's Gini index of economic inequality decreased from 0.55 to 0.47.[21]

  1. ^ "Proyecciones Poblacionales". (in Spanish). National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC). Archived from the original on 18 October 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference CIA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ "Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador". Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference ethn was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ "Religion affiliations in Ecuador 2020".
  6. ^ España (1 January 1841). "Tratado de paz y amistad celebrado entre España y la República del Ecuador: en 16 de febrero de 1840". en la Imprenta Nacional. Archived from the original on 16 November 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016 – via Google Books.
  7. ^ "Ecuador". Central Intelligence Agency. 27 February 2023 – via CIA.gov.
  8. ^ "Ecuador". The World Factbook (2023 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  9. ^ "Inicio". www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec.
  10. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, 30 November 2022". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. October 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  11. ^ "Gini Index". World Bank. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  12. ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  13. ^ "Constitución de la República del Ecuador en Shuar". Issuu. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  14. ^ "¡Iniuri seamkur!, Ayamrumamu nuyá Iniankasrik Ayamruma Papi" (PDF). INREDH. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  15. ^ "Chicham atiakur metek atin turakur, pénke takakainiachu tuke enentaimtusartiniaitji" (PDF). (in Shuar). Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2019.
  16. ^ Pellizzaro, Siro M.; Nàwech, Fàusto Oswaldo (2003). Chicham: Dictionario Enciclopédico Shuar-Castellano. Wea Nekaptai.
  17. ^ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  18. ^ "South America Banks on Regional Strategy to Safeguard Quarter of Earth's Biodiversity". Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Conservation.org (16 September 2003).
  19. ^ "Oficialmente Ecuador es el país de las orquídeas- Noticias de Cuenca – Azuay – Ecuador – Eltiempo de Cuenca". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  20. ^ "Ecuador Adopts New Constitution – With CELDF RIGHTS of NATURE Language". Archived from the original on 3 October 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund. Retrieved 7 September 2009.
  21. ^ "Decade of Reform: Ecuador's Macroeconomic Policies, Institutional Changes, and Results" (PDF). Retrieved 17 January 2020.

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