Back Канада AB Kanada ACE Канадэ ADY Kanada AF Kanada ALS ካናዳ AM Kanata AMI Canadá AN Canada ANG कनाडा ANP
Canada | |
|---|---|
| Motto: A mari usque ad mare (Latin) "From Sea to Sea" | |
| Anthem: "O Canada" | |
 | |
| Capital | Ottawa 45°24′N 75°40′W / 45.400°N 75.667°W |
| Largest city | Toronto |
| Official languages | |
| Demonym(s) | Canadian |
| Government | Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• Monarch | Charles III |
| Mary Simon | |
| Justin Trudeau | |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| Senate | |
| House of Commons | |
| Independence from the United Kingdom | |
| July 1, 1867 | |
| December 11, 1931 | |
| April 17, 1982 | |
| Area | |
• Total area | 9,984,670 km2 (3,855,100 sq mi) (2nd) |
• Water (%) | 11.76 (2015)[2] |
• Total land area | 9,093,507 km2 (3,511,023 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2023 Q2 estimate |  39,858,480[3] (37th) |
• 2021 census | 36,991,981[4] |
• Density | 4.2/km2 (10.9/sq mi) (236th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate |
• Total |  $2.385 trillion[5] (15th) |
• Per capita | $60,177[5] (28th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
• Total |  $2.090 trillion[5] (9th) |
• Per capita | $52,722[5] (18th) |
| Gini (2018) |  30.3[6]medium |
| HDI (2021) | 0.936[7] very high · 15th |
| Currency | Canadian dollar ($) (CAD) |
| Time zone | UTC−3.5 to −8 |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−2.5 to −7 |
| Date format | yyyy-mm-dd (AD)[8] |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +1 |
| Internet TLD | .ca |
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Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. Its border with the United States is the world's longest international land border. The country is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. It is a sparsely inhabited country of 40 million people, the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.
Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster, 1931, and culminating in the Canada Act 1982, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition. The country's head of government is the prime minister, who holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons and is "called upon" by the governor general, representing the monarch of Canada, the head of state. The country is a Commonwealth realm and is officially bilingual (English and French) in the federal jurisdiction. It is very highly ranked in international measurements of government transparency, quality of life, economic competitiveness, innovation, education and gender equality. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its history, economy, and culture.
A developed country, Canada has one of the highest nominal per capita income globally and its advanced economy ranks among the largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Canada is recognized as a middle power for its role in international affairs, with a tendency to pursue multilateral solutions. Canada's peacekeeping role during the 20th century has had a significant influence on its global image. Canada is part of multiple major international and intergovernmental institutions.
- ^ "Royal Anthem". Government of Canada. August 11, 2017.
- ^ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Retrieved October 11, 2020.
- ^ "The Daily — Canada's population estimates, first quarter 2023". Statistics Canada. June 28, 2023. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
- ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". February 9, 2022. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database". International Monetary Fund. April 2023.
- ^ "Income inequality". OECD. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. September 8, 2022.
- ^ The Government of Canada and Standards Council of Canada prescribe ISO 8601 as the country's official all-numeric date format: Public Works and Government Services Canada Translation Bureau (1997). "5.14: Dates". The Canadian style: A guide to writing and editing (Revised ed.). Dundurn Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-55002-276-6. The dd/mm/yy and mm/dd/yy formats also remain in common use; see Date and time notation in Canada.